HIGH ALTITUDE MANEUVERS
PTS - No lower than 1500 AGL
Normally performed at 3000 - 3500 MSL

Power on stall- Takeoff configuration

Clearing Turn

Carb heat on and power back to 1700 rpm

Raise nose to maintain altitude

Reduce airspeed to about Vx

carb heat off and power to about 2200 RPM (1/2 into the green arc)

Add 5-10 degrees bank for turning stalls (PTS says up to 20 degrees)

Raise nose to stall horn/buffet

RECOVER:

Lower nose slightly below horizon

Apply full power and carb heat off

Accelerate to normal cruise speed straight and level

Power back to cruise

Power off stall- Landing configuration

Clearing Turn

Carb heat on and power back to 1700 rpm

10º flaps and stabilize

20º flaps and stabilize

30º flaps

Reduce power to idle

Add 10 degrees bank if turning stall

Raise nose to stall horn/buffet

RECOVER:

Lower nose slightly below horizon

Apply full power and carb heat off

20º flaps and stabilize

10º flaps and stabilize

Flaps up

Accelerate to normal cruise speed straight and level

Power back to cruise

Slow Flight/Minimum Controllable Airspeed (MCA)

Clearing Turn

Carb heat on and power back to 1700 rpm

10º flaps and stabilize

20º flaps and stabilize

30º flaps

Wait for stall horn

Add power as needed to maintain altitude

Change pitch as needed to control airspeed

RECOVER:

Lower nose, full power and carb heat off

20º flaps and stabilize

10º flaps and stabilize

Flaps up

Accelerate to normal cruise speed straight and level

Power back to cruise

Steep Turns

Clearing Turn

Set power to high cruise

45 degrees of bank plus or minus 5 degrees

Add backpressure as you roll through the 30 degree bank mark

Adjust back pressure and/or adjust bank to maintain altitude.

Roll out on the same heading you entered (360 degrees of turn)

GROUND REFERENCE MANUEVERS
600-1000 AGL

S-Turns Along a Road
Locate a long road that is perpendicular to the winds at altitude.
Clearing turn.
Enter maneuver perpendicular to the road at 800’ AGL.
As soon as your wings cross the road, begin a coordinated turn to the right or left. You should complete a 180 degree turn or half circle (about 1/4 to 1/2 mile radius), rolling your wings level at the exact point you cross over the road. Your wings will exactly parallel the road.  Once your wings have crossed over the road, immediately begin a turn in the opposite direction. You will again complete a half circle, rolling your wings level as you cross the road.
Notes
When flying downwind, the aircraft should be at its steepest bank in the turn.
When flying upwind, the aircraft should be at its most shallow bank in the turn.
The half circles should be symmetrical on each side of the road.

Turns Around a Point
Clear the area.
Enter the maneuver downwind at 800’ AGL.
Pick a visible point away from towns or towers.
Maintain a constant radius of the object of 1/4-1/2 mile (about the same distance as on downwind).
Circle the point and roll out on your entry heading.
Notes
When flying downwind, the aircraft should be at its steepest bank in the turn.
When flying upwind, the aircraft should be at its most shallow bank in the turn.

Forward Slip
Clearing turn
Choose a long road with a direct head or tail wind
Apply rudder till nose is 30-45 degrees right/left of centerline.
Apply opposite aileron as needed to maintain straight flight/ground
path.


Side Slip
Clearing turn
Choose a long road with a direct crosswind
Turn ailerons into wind and use opposite rudder as needed to keep the
longitudinal axis parallel with the road (runway).
Notes
Add more or less aileron to slip the airplane sideways while useing the
rudders to keep the longitudinal axis parallel with the road (runway).
 

Simulated Engine Out
Clear area
Pitch for best glide speed
Check fuel selector valve and/or switch tanks
Check mixture control
Prime in and locked
Ignition on both
Radio to 121.5 call Mayday with tail # and location
Transponder 7700
Find area to land (land with rows in planted fields).


Unusual Attitude Recovery (Nose High - Airspeed Low)
Add Power
Lower Nose
Level wings
Then add power and change pitch as necessary to establish cruise flight.


Unusual Attitude Recovery (Nose Low)
Reduce POWER
Level wings
Raise NOSE
Then add power and change pitch as necessary to establish cruise
flight.

 

Takeoff and Landings

X-Wind Takeoff
  1. place yoke fully into the wind
  2. full power
  3. as speed increases release some of the aileron deflection as needed for x-wind
  4. ease back on yoke and as a/c flies itself off level wings and crab into the wind
X-Wind Landing
  1. carburetor heat on (if applicable)
  2. reduce power opposite spot of intended landing
  3. set up glide of _______KIAS, 1 notch of flaps
  4. when 45° key position is reached, turn on to base, second notch of flaps, airspeed __KIAS
  5. be aware of wind direction and velocity
  6. turn to final and add last notch of flaps, airspeed ____KIAS (use min flaps in strong x-wind)
  7. set up slip with yoke into the wind
  8. hold directional control with opposite rudder
  9. maintain ______KIAS until flare
  10. as airspeed decreases during the flare, you will have to use more yoke pressure into the         wind
  11. after touchdown gradually place the yoke all the way into the wind and hold it there, with full back pressure

Soft Field Take-Off
  1. use entire runway
  2. apply desired flap setting
  3. add full backpressure and full power
  4. keep nose wheel just clear of the ground by releasing some backpressure after nose wheel lifts off
  5. lift off at lowest possible airspeed
  6. parallel the ground in ground effect until Vx is attained
  7. retract flaps, when positive rate of climb (VSI and Altimeter) is achieved or when at least 100 feet AGL and clear of all obstructions and terrain.  Once flaps are retracted climb at Vy

Soft Field Landing
  1. carburetor heat on (if applicable)
  2. reduce power opposite spot of intended landing
  3. set up glide of _______KIAS, 1 notch of flaps
  4. when 45° key position is reached, turn on to base, second notch of flaps, airspeed __KIAS
  5. turn to final and add last notch of flaps, reduce airspeed to ________KIAS
  6. touchdown should be made slightly above stall speed so that the nose wheel does not slam into runway surface (you made need to add some power just prior to touchdown to ease the airplane onto the runway)
  7. apply brakes, if needed, with control yoke full aft.  Keep flaps down if runway is wet or icy for maximum aerodynamic braking, otherwise retract flaps after touchdown
  8. the touchdown MUST be with the selected area at minimum rate of descent and minimum airspeed

Short Field Takeoff
  1. consult performance chart to determine appropriate lift-off and climb speeds and distance required
  2. use all available runway
  3. apply flaps as per the POH
  4. add full power
  5. lift off and climb at Vx then retract flaps when positive rate of climb (VSI and Altimeter) is achieved or when at least 100 feet AGL and clear of all obstructions and terrain.  Once flaps are retracted climb at Vy

Short Field Landing
  1. carburetor heat on (if applicable)
  2. reduce power opposite spot of intended landing
  3. set up glide of _______KIAS, 1 notch of flaps
  4. when 45° key position is reached, turn on to base, second notch of flaps, airspeed __KIAS
  5. turn to final and add last notch of flaps, reduce airspeed to ________KIAS
  5. reduce airspeed to _____KIAS on final with full flaps
  6. close the throttle during the flare so there is little or no floating before touchdown
  7. apply brakes, if needed, with control yoke full aft. Keep flaps down if runway is wet or icy, otherwise retract flaps after touchdown
  8. the touchdown MUST be made beyond and within 200 feet of a specified point

Full Flap Go Around

• applying full power
• adopting an appropriate climb attitude and airspeed
• removing one stage of flap if necessary
• checking for a positive rate of climb
• raising the landing gear, if the aircraft has retractable gear
• raising the flaps fully once a positive rate of climb is established and the aircraft is above a certain safe altitude
• removing carburetor heat, if on
• climbing back to pattern altitude
• advising control tower and/or other traffic about go around decision by radio

This is easily remembered by the mnemonic "5C's" -- Cram it, Climb it, Clean it up, Cool it, and Call it!, or sometimes the "5 Ups": Power Up, Nose Up, Gear Up, Flaps Up, Speak Up.